$O_11.1$ There can be no doubt that all our knowledge begins with experience.

begin with=(在时间上的)开始、来自
毫无疑问,所有我们的认识都始于经历。

$O_11.2$ For how should our faculty of knowledge be awakened into action did not objects affecting our senses partly of themselves produce representations, partly arouse the activity of pur understanding to compare these representations, and, by combining or separating them, work up the raw material of the sensible impressions into that knowledge of objects which is entitled experience?

representation=re+pre+sent+ation=再次+向前+放置+名词(结果、过程)=再次表现出(外露)的事物、再次表现出的过程;representations=再次表现出(外露)的事物们。
knowledge=know + ledge =知道的状态(认知) 、认识的结果(知识)
faculty=fac+ulty=做+名词=做事的能力=才能。
如果没有物体影响我们的感官们,我们的认知能力是怎么被觉醒出而作用在行动中呢?【所以肯定要有物体影响我们的感官,即我们要切身经历一些东西】这些物体,一方面会产生二次再表现的事物们,一方面会引起我们对于比较这些事物们的思考活动,比如说,通过合并或者分隔它们,来把这些可感知印象的原始材料加工为关于该物体的知识,该知识即称为经验。

$O_11.3$ In the order of time, therefore, we have no knowledge antecedent to experience, and with experience all our knowledge begins.

在时间次序下,理所当然的,没有认识走在经验前面,而因为有了经验,所有我们的认识就有了开端。

康德导言第一段,这个长难句真的很难翻译,但我感觉我知道是什么意思了。一个蛋糕放在眼前,看起来雪白白,闻起来奶香香,尝起来甜滋滋,这就是二次再表现的事物们,思考“雪白白、奶香香、甜滋滋”,奶是白的,加入香精,就是蛋糕的雪白成分的来源。以后再见到蛋糕的白色成分,隔着屏幕都知道什么味、什么做的啦。经验的获取就是这样。现在采用直译,不用哲学语言。所以可能有的地方很拗口。个人风格。

$O_12.1$ But though all our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that it all arises out of experience.

arise out of=本质上的源自
虽然所有我们的知识都始于经历,但不能顺着这样的逻辑流说所有知识都源自经历。

$O_12.2$ For it may well be that even our empirical knowledge is made up of what we receive though impressions and of what our own faculty of knowledge (sensible impressions serving merely as the occasion)supplies from itself.

因为很有可能,我们的经验性的知识,它的构成来源,一则是我们通过印象而得到的东西,一则是我们的认知能力(此时可感知印象就仅充当一个我们开始认知的时机)它自身所提供的东西。

$O_12.3$ If our faculty of knowledge makes any such addition,it may be that we are not in a position to distinguish it from the raw material, until with long practice of attention we have become skilled in separating it.

in a position to do=在位置来做=有能力来做
如果我们的认知能力做出了这样的增加(指的是上句构成来源第二则的内容),那么有可能我们不能区分它(经验性的知识)和原始材料,直到经过很长的注意力训练后,我们才会很好分隔它们。

康德导言第二段 4.17